This morning I have the classic onset of DOMS after my 6 inch ultra adventure on Sunday. DOMS (Delayed Onset of Muscle Soreness) is your bodies way of reminding you you just did something very silly. (This is of course different to your mind which is still stoked after the previous weekends exploits and looking forward to the next beating.) I find DOMS comes on strongest on my second or third run after a marathon and today was my third recovery run after a double up yesterday and a day off Monday.
As I hobbled into my morning run, and it was a hobble, I realised I was certainly walking a tight rope where the benefit of the morning run was more for my sanity than my running fitness well being. I could have just as easily hit the snooze button on my alarm , rolled over and went back to sleep. Of course I would have missed running my favourite 10k for the 199th time ( thanks Strava.) and a biblical sunrise over Star Swamp but as for doing me good I would probably argue the snooze option was the better one.
There has been numerous studies showing after a marathon doing nothing for a week is probably as good as recovery runs. The snooze option is also safer as you avoid the risk of injury as you roll over and get some more sleep, which is another benefit as more sleep helps your body recover. Typing this I wonder what the hell I was doing running this morning ! The answer is of course because we are runners we like to run, even when we know the right thing to do is rest and recover. We kid ourselves these slow runs are doing us some good even when the legs are screaming in protest. It’s the same when we have to taper and of course hits us worst when we are injured.
I have been working hard on adding distance since June this year and even pre 6inch gave away the normal easy week pre-race and ran eight times for 82k before the race on Sunday. I justified this as the ADU (Australia Day Ultra http://australiadayultra.com/ ) is my goal race at the moment and the 6 inch was to be a long run with friends. Of course when the gun went off it was on for young and old and I ended up running a 4min PB and racing the event. (As if that was never gong to happen!) On the bright side it did get me another good week of distance (130k) and some serious ‘pain box’ time , which is all good. Downside, my legs are complaining more than Hilary Clintons supporters after the American election at the moment with a huge case of DOMS.
Anyhow after searching the internet I actually found an article that advocates DOMS as a good thing rather than just a side effect of a good beating a few days previous. Google was very generous on this subject and offered another good article from ultrarunning.com ( https://www.ultrarunning.com/ ) which also was worth a read, so go get yourself a cuppa and a chocolate digestive, settle down and digest these articles.
An article from Runners World on Why Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness is a Good Thing. By MacKenzie Loddy.
Whether it’s caused by mile repeats at 7,000 feet, a brutal long run before the upcoming Houston Marathon, or digging out from under 16 feet of snow in Mammoth, delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) has yet to evade anyone who engages in physical activity. The discomfort associated with DOMS usually materializes 24 hours post-exercise and lasts anywhere between two and four days. When your legs hurt immediately after a marathon, it’s not DOMS. However, when you roll out of bed the next morning and find yourself unable to descend the front steps to retrieve the morning paper, you’re experiencing DOMS.
As a result of the fact that nearly every athlete has experienced this type of soreness, much research has been devoted to the prevention and treatment of this side effect. Massage, microtherapy, icing, hyperbaric oxygen treatment, fish oil and i.Tonic whole body vibration are just a few methods that have been tried with varying degrees of success.
While the silver bullet to avoiding DOMS has yet to be identified, several methods have been shown to be more effective in lessening soreness and encouraging optimal recovery. Probably to the surprise of no one, it all relies on smart training.
Where does DOMS originate?
According to Dr. David J. Szymanski, assistant professor and the director of the Applied Physiology Laboratory at Louisiana Tech University, there is currently a lot of misinformation floating around about DOMS — namely, the assertion that the accumulation of lactic acid causes it. While DOMS results from new, higher intensity workouts and an increase in lactate comes along with such activity, the soreness felt the next morning is not related. “That lactate concentration will go back down to resting levels within 20–40 minutes after exercise,” says Dr. Szymanski, who has studied the subject extensively. “Because of that, the pain that somebody associates with delayed onset muscle soreness 24–72 hours later cannot be because of that lactate that was built up while they were running.”
He contends that lactate does cause soreness during or immediately after exercise, and can end up decreasing performance if the athlete can’t clear it. However, the deferred discomfort has nothing to do with that process. Higher intensity workouts that you are not accustomed to, like hill repeats or intervals on the track, are often the culprits of DOMS. The eccentric component of exercise, in particular, can damage the integrity of the muscle cell membrane. This micro trauma creates tiny micro tears in the muscle fibers, which leads to inflammation, and thus soreness, fatigue, stiffness and reduced range of motion
Treating and preventing DOMS
Although the cool-down has long been touted as the main tool in a runner’s arsenal to combat muscle soreness by flushing out lactic acid (which is still important), research suggests that the warm-up is more important to reducing DOMS. One of the world’s leading researchers on the subject, Dr. Priscilla Clarkson of the University of Massachusetts, Amherst, has demonstrated how important it is to get out and warm up before competition. By increasing the muscle temperature by 1 degree Celsius before eccentric training, the amount of muscle soreness experienced by athletes is noticeably reduced.
“If you already have the muscle warmed up and prepared, it is better able to handle the activity,” explains Dr. Szymanski. “Before a race, you need to lubricate the joints, ligaments and tendons so your body is better prepared for what’s coming next.”
He also identifies the “repeated bout effect” as a method by which DOMS symptoms can be ameliorated. While the term may be foreign, the concept is far from rocket science. For instance, the Boston Marathon is known to be brutal on the quads as a result of its many downhills. To prepare for this, a runner should train on downhills the few months leading up to the race. “The more times you repeat the activity, the less pain you’ll feel because your body will continually adapt to it,” explains Dr. Szymanski. “Keep doing this multiple times and your body will say, ‘No big deal. What else you got for me?’” Physiologically speaking, the body recovers and rebuilds, and with each passing week, is less fazed by the hills.
While this is a good way to avoid continued DOMS from the same types of workouts, it doesn’t mean you should simply train your body to withstand one form of training. It’s about building on your workouts week after week and training your body to withstand more. Dr. Szymanski explains: “We have what are called chronic adaptations. Once you do a specific amount of training for a certain length of time, your body will be able to handle it. That’s why training plans help you gradually progress.”
Perhaps the best news is the fact that delayed onset muscle soreness isn’t all bad. “Although DOMS is associated with something negative, it’s actually a physiologically positive reaction,” says Dr. Szymanski. “Once your body is exposed to whatever made you sore, the next time your body will say, ‘I got it, I’ll protect you.’ It’s actually a beautiful thing.”
An article from Ultrarunning.com by Roy Stevenson, MS, Exercise Physiologist
Muscle soreness and inflammation are some of the biggest nuisances for distance runners and unfortunately, many of the dubious treatments of these symptoms are based on all sorts of witchery and myth. Some of the treatments even exacerbate the soreness and prolong recovery. Runners can be a superstitious lot, and many continue to swear by certain ineffective treatments.
Since 1902, over 2,000 research studies have been conducted on various aspects of muscle damage, muscle soreness, inflammation and potential recovery treatments for these afflictions. You’d think that with this impressive pile of studies we’d be closer to figuring out some sort of effective therapy for the symptoms, or better yet, some sort of preventative measures that would minimize or eliminate them. Well, take heart, sore runners, because we are getting closer to answering these important questions. First, let’s look at what causes delayed onset muscle soreness (known as DOMS), what the symptoms of muscle soreness and inflammation are, and the recommended treatments for reducing the pain from this affliction. I’ll finish with some recommendations on how to prevent or minimize your chances of being reduced to hobbling around like a stiff-legged duck, based on some promising recent research.
Causes of DOMS
It is very common for out-of-condition or beginning runners to experience DOMS. Its severity depends on how much and how intensely we exercise, and whether we have performed that exercise before. But it’s not just beginning runners who are susceptible to DOMS – even well-conditioned runners who’ve been training consistently for several years can experience DOMS after a race or vigorous training session, especially a lengthy downhill-running workout.
What specifically triggers muscle soreness are the high force eccentric contractions we experience when we take up unaccustomed exercise, run harder than usual, or downhill. Our leg muscles lengthen under high load or impact, while trying to contract or shorten – a lethal combination! Recent research shows that some people are high responders to eccentric exercise, meaning that their muscle damage and inflammatory markers remain excessively high for several days after running.
The effects of DOMS on muscle tissue look formidable when seen through an electron microscope. Traumatized muscle is a war zone! Your leg muscles are under siege after repeated eccentric contractions and the descriptions of the damage sound horrifying. Here are some of the main protagonists: disruption to the muscle sarcomere; breaching of cell membranes; swollen muscle fibers; wear and tear on connective tissues (ligaments and tendons); calcium spillage from muscle tubules; cell inflammation and increased production of superoxide free radicals;
We’ve all experienced the nasty symptoms of DOMS: dull, aching pain, soreness, tenderness, stiffness of muscles and joints, swelling, loss of strength, and reduced range of motion. Typically, symptoms appear 24 – 48 hours after we run, and peak between 24 and 72 hours. After five to seven days, DOMS has usually abated.
Over the years many treatments and interventions for muscle damage repair have been proposed and tried. Some “work” and some don’t, and you’ll be surprised at what the research shows.
What Doesn’t Reduce DOMS Symptoms
Stretching Surprisingly, the majority of studies that looked at the effects of stretching on DOMS have found that stretching before or after exercise does not alleviate DOMS, or that its effect is so small that it is not worth the time. My recommendation here would be that if you try stretching, make the stretches mild, and hold them for only a few seconds. If they aggravate your soreness, discontinue them.
Massage therapy Research suggests that massage is either ineffective or has only limited influence on DOMS, muscle repair and swelling. Its effects are minor or transitory.
Ultrasound Using ultrasound in physical therapy was found ineffective in reducing DOMS (Tiidus et al 1999).
Heat Above all, resist the temptation to apply heat in any form immediately after an ultramarathon or intense training session. Heat vasodilates (widens) the capillaries and arterioles, hastening the release of inflammatory substances into the muscle, thereby increasing swelling and inflammation. Sitting in a hot tub after a long run, no matter how tempting, exacerbates muscle damage.
What Might Reduce DOMS Symptoms
Much research into the hot topics of antioxidants and natural supplements is underway. Some substances being looked at are alpha-Tocopherol (vitamin E), Beta-Carotene, Ubiquinone, flavanoids, bromelain, Genistein, alpha-Lipoleic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Glutathione, and Cysteine. In addition, there are enough kitchen ingredients thought to decrease inflammation to make a good curry: sage, black cumin, cinnamon, capsaicin, quercetin, turmeric, and ginger.
Most of these substances have no effect on DOMS, but a glimmer of hope shines through for vitamin C, D and E. Before you rush off to buy these supplements, consider the modest findings first. Although vitamin E has shown a reduction in cell leakage, thus far it shows no alleviation of DOMS symptoms. A Vitamin D supplement of 2,000 IU, twice daily, has been shown to alleviate muscle soreness, but only if Vitamin D levels are lower than 75 nmol/L. The Vitamin D Council has some interesting anecdotal evidence of its effectiveness, although this source is hardly likely to be objective.
Several promising research papers support the practice of ingesting a solution of mixed carbohydrate and protein immediately after our training and racing efforts to rebuild our muscle tissue.
Warm-up One study found that a ten-minute warm-up reduced DOMS a small amount 48 hours post-exercise, while a cool-down performed after strenuous eccentric exercise, surprisingly had no effect at all.
NSAIDs and other drug therapies Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have the benefit of relieving DOMS pain by blocking the production of prostaglandins, a compound that activates the inflammatory response in damaged muscle. However, bear in mind that several studies show that by doing this, NSAIDs actually delay the recovery process by impairing protein synthesis and muscle cell regeneration.
Currently, we think it is necessary for inflammatory cells to invade the injured muscle to control the tissue damage, so the muscle tissue can then be repaired. This needs to take place for the muscle to bounce back stronger and be more resistant to future encounters with DOMS.
However, if you are in extreme pain and hobbling around like the walking wounded, NSAIDs may be just what the doctor ordered. Thus, short-term use of NSAIDs or painkillers when the pain and soreness is unbearable may well be recommended, but the prudent runner will discuss this therapy with a sports medicine physician before popping NSAID pills like candy, especially in light of what I’m about to say about their side effects.
There is strong evidence that long-term use of NSAIDs can cause gastro-intestinal bleeding, stomach upset, ulcers, kidney problems, impaired blood clotting, and possible death with long term (greater than 90 days) use of NSAIDs. So if you must use them, take them with meals and monitor yourself for sharp stomach pain and distress that could indicate ulceration. And never, ever take NSAIDs before competition or training! They can mask pain signals and reduce blood flow to the kidneys, which is definitely not what you need during a race.
RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
Rest, then light mobilization Temporary rest during the most acute phase of inflammation is indicated if the athlete is in severe pain. However, this is not an invitation for complete bed rest until the soreness has dissipated. Mobilization, or light exercise using the affected area, has been shown to reduce soreness to some extent. Some physical therapists recommend that when the pain has subsided to a manageable level, light exercise – such as walking on a soft surface (sawdust, dirt trails, or grass) will help disperse residual waste products. Then you can progress to several days of slow, easy running on soft surfaces. Use your own subjective pain and soreness to help decide when to resume normal training intensity and duration, somewhere around two to four weeks.
Ice. Cryotherapy (application of ice) has been found effective in pain reduction and limiting inflammation, presumably by limiting swelling through vasoconstriction of the capillaries and arterioles in the affected area. Ice also temporarily deadens the nerve endings, bringing temporary pain relief. Ice is most effective when the ice pack or “cold cup” is gently rubbed back and forth over the affected area for no longer than ten minutes; cold-water baths or showers can also be helpful.
Compression One study found that compression bandaging of the legs was more effective than massage. Moderate pressure bandaging of the calf and quadriceps muscle groups, with frequent bandage release to encourage blood to circulate, may help prevent swelling and pain.
How to Prevent DOMS in Distance Running Training Apart from using the modalities recommended above as preventative methods (warm-up, ice, compression, some antioxidants, and post-training carbohydrate/protein mixtures), stimulating DOMS to a minor degree in training will prepare the runner better for DOMS muscle trauma.
The Repeated Bout Effect This effect occurs when a bout of unaccustomed exercise (such as running downhill) gives a protective effect in subsequent running sessions of the same nature. This explains why, after recovering from muscle damage and soreness from a race or hard session, you recover faster, and experience less soreness and pain in subsequent workouts.
What can we learn from this to implement in our training programs? Start slowly and gradually allow your muscles time to adapt.
When beginning running, or coming back from a layoff, avoid strenuous eccentric muscle movements such as downhill running, until your muscles are ready for it.
After a month or two of steady running, while slowly increasing your distance and pace, include an occasional faster, more intense effort. Then hit it hard again after allowing yourself time to recover and adapt. Every two to four weeks, do a strenuous high-intensity or downhill workout again.
Studies indicate that higher intensity eccentric workouts designated for the repeated-bout effect do not even need to be maximal in quantity or quality, and can progress in small increments over more than two weeks. The repeated bout effect lasts from two weeks to ten weeks, so runners should include hard, long or downhill running sessions at least once or twice every month to retain the effects of this training phenomenon. By gradually increasing the intensity and duration of higher intensity workouts, you should avoid that painful zombie walk that accompanies severe DOMS.
Incorporate resistance training into your program. Using a different mode of eccentric exercise (such as weight-training) confers the repeated-bout effect. Thus runners, especially beginners, benefit greatly from a basic resistance-training program that starts several weeks before beginning a running program. The resistance-training program should involve the major muscle groups used in running: quadriceps group, calf muscle complex, and hamstring group.
Recovery after repeated-bout workouts You will need to determine how easily you run after these intense workouts by how you feel. It is unwise to set a prescribed workout schedule and stick rigidly to it because your body may need extra time for the inflammation and repair process to take place. The days following repeated bout workouts, either take the day off, or run very slowly, for a short period of time.
Warm up Perform five – ten minutes of general aerobic activity, such as jogging or cycling.
Run on soft surfaces as much as possible. Harder surfaces impart a higher impact, causing more muscle damage than running on soft surfaces.
Consider some form of cross-training at least once a week to give your leg muscles a break from impact. Cycling, swimming, deep-water running, elliptical trainer, Stairmaster or similar modes are ideal.
Roy Stevenson has a master’s degree in exercise physiology and coaching from Ohio University. He teaches exercise science at Seattle University in Washington State and has coached hundreds of serious and recreational runners and triathletes in the Seattle area. As a freelance writer, Roy has over 200 articles on running, triathlons, sports, fitness and health published in over fifty regional, national and international magazines in the U.S.A, Canada, England, Scotland, Ireland, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand.
Started running with friends as this photo proves. Photo by Ninja Photography..
Today I ran the 6 inch ultra marathon ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com ) for the 8th time in perfect conditions , or about as perfect as you can get for Perth in December. Rather than drive down from Perth on the morning of the race, which means a 1am alarm call as the race starts at 4:30am, we stayed locally so had a lie in until 2:50am, luxury. (I may have been woken a tad earlier thanks to Felix Meister as he was volunteering this year after setting a new course record of 62k last year, the course is officially measured at around 47.5k. I think it’s safer if Felix volunteers rather than runs. ) Dave Kennedy, the Race Director, organises a finely tuned race which includes a bus from the check in point to the start and three aid stations crammed with goodies before a final smorgasbord of sandwiches and drink at the finish. (including alcohol, naughty Dave.) Even an esky to cool down with, but that’s a different story for another time.
The 6 inch is more about the comradery of running than a race itself. Truth be told it seems all ultra-marathons and trail runs are similar. There is a togetherness that you will not find in marathons because I feel a marathon is more about personal time and goals where-as an ultra, or trail run, is about a community together trying to achieve the same goal, which is usually to finish. Time, although not totally irrelevant, is something just to measure how long you took on the course and not as a mark of achievement. The achievement was finishing and this is shared by all. At the end of an ultra all you hear is tales of the journey and not the time taken to complete the journey. Of course the front of the field pays some attention to position and time but on the whole it is all about the journey from the start to finish and the experiences embraced along the way.
Even now tying this post my mind is wandering back to some of the scenes on the trail yesterday. Running with good friends discussing all sorts of topics while moving forward towards an end goal, combined with some wonderful scenery and you start to see why some many runners move away from the sterile concrete world. It reminds me of the opening scene of the Wizard of Oz with Dorothy in Texas filmed in black and white before being taken, by a tornado, to the Land of Oz where the world is all of a sudden in Technicolor Colour. Maybe that was a tad over the top but yesterday I feel this analogy was justified. The morning sunrise through the trees really was that inspiring. Maybe I better look into buying some more trail shoes on sale this Christmas, the old Brooks ‘Pure Grit’, after 4 successful 6 inch runs are looking a tad worse for wear. Soon time to join my other 60 pairs of trainers in the garage in semi-retirement. That again is another story.
So back to the race. The start of the 6 inch is a 2k hill with some serious steep sections. You’ll be lucky to make 6min/k average for the first 2k, and that will put you at the front of the 330 runner field. You seriously question whether you can make the full 47k distance after this 2k introduction. It does get easier, briefly. Overall the race is testing, and that’s putting it mildly. Being a trail race there are some serious rises together with some encouraging descents. The race itself takes about an hour longer that a ‘normal’ marathon distance, albeit the race is only 5k’s longer. This shows how challenging the terrain is and what it can do to the unprepared runner. I was lucky enough to finish high up the field this year, a 7th place finish with a 4min course PB of 3hrs44mins. Other runners weren’t so ‘lucky’ with an 8 hour cutoff they cut if very fine. Running can be a cruel sport with the quickest (and thus normally fittest) runners finishing first , the less ‘fit‘ runners (this is in italics because there could be a number of reasons for taking a little longer to finish) are forced to spend more time running in conditions which can be really testing. Today I stayed at the finish line to cheer in the slower runners who had been ‘out on the course’ for anything between 4 hours to 8 hours. There is an 8 hours cutoff for the 6 inch but I think all the runners who were past the last aid point finished within this cut off, though I’m talking a few minutes for the last runners. Serious kudos to these guys.
I attached the Strava race report to highlight the start I described earlier in previous paragraph. Goldmine Hill is highlighted within the first 3k, thanks for that Dave. The escalator or elevator as it is called is at 37k and that, although very short, is a monster of a hill which is just about unrunable in both directions. (photo attached below) Admittedly it looks very minimal on the chart above but trust me it can break you if you are unprepared as you still have 10k to go if the legs give way and the last 10k, although not overally testing elevation wise, is slightly uphill for the most the way, and as it’s the last 10k it soon becomes a big deal ! On the 6 inch ultra it really is the person who slows down the least who wins or at least , in the last 10k, cuts through the field like a hot knife through butter. ( On a side note Jon fell into one of the ruts on this hill last year and never made it out until June, he never speaks of what went on in the dark recesses of that rutted hill but as you will note later in this post he now drinks with both hands. )
6 inch race analysis, by Strava.
The Escalator or the Elevator or Meat Grinder. When a hill has three names you know it’s steep!
Todays race was, as I already mentioned, ran in perfect conditions but it was more than the conditions which were memorable. The trails today shone in the natural first light as the sun rose for another summers morning. Running into the sunrise, at times, lit up the trail infront of you and it was a pleasure to be out there running with friends. The bib on your chest was a secondary afterthought at times as you turned another corner and marvelled at the wonders that presented themselves to you.
Turning the corner into another perfect scene framed by the morning sunlight.
Highlights of the day was most of the BK running posse running the event and all having a great run. Jon managed a sub 4 hour run for the second year on the trot and instantly started drinking in preparation for the Australia Day Ultra in a months time. I tried to convince him I had read on the internet that beer has been proved not to be any good for carboloading but he ignored me and just said he’d start drinking twice as much just to be on the safe side. I’m not sure his logic is sound myself, we’ll find out in a month I suppose.
Jon carboloading hard !
Another highlight was ‘Barts’ get his ‘red spike’ for completing six 6 inch ultramarathons, in the picture below shown with the Race Director Dave Kennedy, a three times winner of the event. That’s over 24 hours and nearly 300km’s of trail running for one red spike, that people is a good deal. There is some contention about this award and Barts has an asterix next to this name in the all time excel finishers sheet but that is something only Jon knows about.
Barts and his red spike…
Finally no 6 inch finish is complete without the head in the esky shot. Unfortunately this year I left my head in the esky too long and ended up burning my forehead. Lesson learnt for next year, maybe , and there will be a next year I promise you that as I’m missing my trail fix already, somebody get me to a tree quickly I need a hug.
6 inch esky shot…don’t leave your head in there too long or you get burnt.
This morning it was meant to be an easy 10k as the last run pre-6 inch ultra marathon on Sunday. As Thursday is normally a progressive run day and we normally run 14k, starting at 5:30am outside Yelo thus finishing at 6:30am when Yelo opens, it was decided to start 10 minutes later and slow the pace and shorten the distance. If all went to plan we would run for 50 minutes at 5min/k pace and be back ay Yelo for the 6:30am opening, as per usual.
Off we went, myself and ‘Marky’ Mark Lommers meeting with with Mike Kowal after the first kilometre before being joined by Mark Lee who had been running a Fartlek but decided to slow down the pace for company. The four of us headed south for the planned 5k before turning to complete the morning 10k. As always with our group the banter was fast, relentless and amusing. That’s the good thing about company the time just disappears and before we knew it we were 6k into our run, unfortunately with all the banter I had lost track of distance and 6k into the run would have been fine if we had turned a kilometre ago, we hadn’t.
Thus my 50 minute, 10k run was now going to be at least a 12k run and nowhere near the 50 minute time allowed to get back to Yelo for opening. I blame Mark Lee myself but I’m sure he’d say the same thing about me. That is the point, the four of us were having such a laugh we forgot all about distance and time, just ran with good friends having a great time, well I was anyway. This is the point of the post, friends really do make running seem easier and actually a more enjoyable experience all round. It gets even better as you get to sit down with them afterwards , over a muffin/pancakes and good coffee and ‘chew the fat’ for an hour. How good is that ? I can never understand how people say running is ‘boring’, they obviously haven’t spent anytime with my group of runners, we are many things but boring ain’t one of them.
It gets even better on the Sunday long runs as we have 2 hours to kill and the banter is again normally continuous, like a tsunami of useless facts (and fiction) or putting the world to right. The topics can be humorous or thought provoking but never dull. Lately the state of American politics has been a constant source of amusement and on a couple of occasions the run itself has vanished in a blink of an eye as we discuss the merits of a Donald Trump led superpower (How did that ever happen, it’s a joke right ?) Admittedly towards the end of the run, when you have the normal last 5k pace pick up as you smell the coffee (literally), conversation can temporarily stop as all energy is reserved for keeping up with your fellow runners and not coming in last for fear of verbal retribution over the obligatory pancakes, or maybe banished to the table of shame.
Friends will also keep you honest. Apparently some people find it hard to get out of bed in the morning and go for a run. (go figure?) Meeting a friend will give the extra impudence to make an effort and actually get out of bed and go meet them. (There is the Mark Lee card of course, though give Mark his due there’s always a valid excuse for not turning up, normally involving alien abduction, Lord Lucan, bears or the like…) Also if you are going to run fast go alone but if you want distance I highly recommend friends. I love my running (you may have gathered that already.) but a long run alone can test even me. As I mentioned earlier in the post a good conversation can last for miles.
In keeping with my trail running theme this week as I prepare for the 6 inch ultra in a few days. ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com ) I’ve attached this great article on 12 Expert Trail Running Tips from Lesley Paterson ( http://www.lesleypaterson.com/coaching/ ), in an interview by Brian Metzler first published on 2013 but great advice is great advice no matter when it was given, enjoy.
Trail Racing 101
When you’re racing on trails, there’s a real feeling about battling against terrain and the environment, versus battling against each other. So there’s a mutual support in that endeavor. It’s still a race, and we’re all out there trying to do the best we can. But, on trails, I think there’s just a sense of being out there in nature—there is a happiness about it. There’s a fulfilling feeling about it that’s less neurotic than some of the races on roads, where time and pace and all of those details are a big deal. You can’t really measure yourself at a certain minute-per-mile pace, and even power meters on a bike are somewhat obsolete when it comes to off-road racing. There’s a bit of creativity involved out on the trails and with that comes a very relaxed nature and you really have to go with the flow, even though you still might be running hard.
Running Fast on Trails
Running fast on trails is completely different than running on roads or any flat surface. When you’re training and racing on trails, your movement and your gait are varied all the time. You have to have strong ankles, a strong pivot point, a strong core, and strong hips to be able to navigate rocks and bound off of them and dance around obstacles so you don’t get injured, but also not to take too much energy from your body.
Fartlek Training
Fartlek training is really good. I do a workout called “over-unders,” where you’re running just above your anaerobic threshold and then just below it. You’re constantly pushing those boundaries and continually going over the red line and coming back. I also do a lot of strength-based workouts and cross-training in the gym to build functional strength with the muscles you use while you’re running on the trails. It’s not only the eccentric strength you need for uphill running, but also the concentric muscle movements for running fast downhill and then immediately attacking another hill.
Hill Repeats
Hill repeats are a great drill for building strength and you can do them on road or you can do them off-road. You can do them all different times of the year with a different emphasis. In the offseason, I’ll do them with a lower heart-rate and focus on high-knee drive and engage all of those muscles as a strength component rather than a cardio component. I’ll also do bounding up a hill, which is almost like a plyometric drill up a very steep hill. They’re a controlled effort that really works the calves and feet. During the race season, I’ll pick up the pace and do sprints uphills and threshold workouts up hills. Strength is the basis for all of those kinds of workouts, but you can vary the intensity depending on the time of the season.
Tempo Run
Try to find a trail that will mimic your race course and do a long run of about 90 minutes and do a 30-minute tempo effort on that trail after that so you’re teaching your body how to deal with the fatigue of being on a trail and still being able to maneuver around that trail. That creates strength if you’re doing at the end of a long run.
Intervals
I think one of the hardest things in trail races is that you run an uphill and your legs are smashed, but then you hit a downhill hard and your legs are like jelly. Then you do another uphill and you’re like, “What the heck?” But you can train to improve on the same kind of terrain. Depending on the course you’re running, you should work over a hill and down the other side so you’re mirroring what’s going to happen in the race. During a race, if you work the uphill, you don’t just give up at the end of the hill, you get into a quick stride over the top of the hill and try to maintain your cadence. For example, I’ll have my athletes do a 4-minute interval on a hill, where it’s 2 minutes up a hill and 2 minutes down the back side of that hill. There are also some great intervals you can do where you run down a hill to start, then up a hill.
Leg Turnover
I do a lot of track work in the weeks before a race to get more leg speed and leg turnover. Sometimes when you’re on the trails, I think it’s easy to lull yourself into a false sense of security as to where your fitness really is or lull yourself into a pace that is less than what you’re capable of running. You need quick leg turnover to keep your timing sharp, even if you can’t run with that same fast turnover on a trail. There are times you need it, though, and if you don’t train for it, you won’t have it. So that’s why it’s still important to run fast on the track and road while you’re training for a trail race.
Tracking Trail Volume
I don’t track the miles I run on trails. You can never really get a consistent measure of how far you’re running, especially when you compare that to how far you might run on roads. I measure my running by time on my feet, not by pace or even distance. Pace is mostly irrelevant on the trails. I started trail running when I was about 11 years old with my dad over the fells in Scotland. In 2 hours, you might only cover 10 miles, but boy it sure is a hard 2 hours.
Cross-Training for Trail Running
I do a lot of CrossFit functional strength work like box jumps, single-leg hops, lunges in all different planes of motion, medicine ball tossing and other exercises that engage all of the muscles in all different ways. When you hit the side of a trail or the side of a rock at a different angle, you’re using a whole different set of muscles. So you need to be versatile and efficient to be able to do that and spring off that into your next stride. A lot of single-leg work is really important training for those kind of situations. I call them ice skate hops where you’re hopping from side to side. You’re teaching your body to propel off the side of the foot. When you’re running down a trail, chances are you’re going to be picking your line and propelling off one side, then another off rocks, so that can be really handy.
For me, the cross-training involved with triathlon has made me a much stronger runner. I think the endurance aspects of triathlon and the versatility aspects of training for triathlon are amazing. When you’re working on a few different sports like you do in triathlon, you’re using all planes of motion and building strength in a wide variety of muscle groups. One sport really feeds into the other very, very nicely. The swimming, for example, gives you so much more core strength, and that’s the basis for being an efficient runner. The biking gives you leg strength and muscle mass for trail running. Generally, you get much stronger from swimming and biking and that really benefits your running.
Running Form
From a balance point of view, when I run on trails, I tend to use my arms and have my arms out to the side so I can flail them a little bit in a bit of a circular motion. Practice a couple of techniques like that when you’re running downhill. Your body position and having enough of a forward lean is important. You don’t want to be jamming on the breaks when you’re running downhill, because that’s really going to damage the muscles and throw you off. If you have too much of a forward lean, that’s going to throw you off because you’re going to create too much speed.
Falling on Trails
I have almost perfected the Army roll. It’s about going with the fall rather than trying to breach it. The first reaction is something like, “Oh my god, I’m going to fall,” and then you tense up and stiffen your limbs and ultimately land a lot harder than you need to or potentially even break something. But if you roll with it and go with it, you can kind of get up and keep going and not have too much damage. But that also shows why strong ankles are really important. I sometimes roll over my ankles, but they’re strong enough to cope with that and I’m able to keep running and not fall over. The more you practice running downhill sections of a trail, the better you become and less likely you are to fall.
Recovery
I wear a lot of compression apparel after workout for the rest of the day. I always use Podium Legs at night and, for circulation purposes, I also vary back and forth between ice baths and hot baths and do a lot of stretching as well. And, then, of course, I always address it through proper hydration and fueling, before, during and after a race or workout.
Continuing on my theme for the week, ultra trail running, ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com ) I want to discuss perhaps the hardest start to a race I have ever experienced. Yes, the infamous Goldmine Hill. This is where Dave Kennedy, the Race Director, starts the 6 inch ultra marathon, at the bottom of said hill. I say hill , it must be pretty close to a mountain if you ask me. ! I still remember the first time I ran (maybe ran is a bit optimistic, staggered better describes my traverse.) up Goldmine Hill. It was 2009 and I had entered the 6 inch ultra for the first time. Back then it was a fat ass (free entry and self supported) and had a starting line up of about 20 I think. We started at 4am but it was still pretty dark. (I think we had daylight saving at the time?) Anyhow up the hill (mountain !) we went, the twenty of us. Having made no effort to look at the course or elevation before the race you can imagine my surprise when faced with this 2-3k steep incline. I eventually got to the top absolutely ‘cream-crackered’ (knackered) and I remember thinking what the hell have I let myself in for, if this was the first 3k and I still had 43k to go !
Unfortunately it got worse not better as we got lost and ended up running 50k instead of the course 46k so myself and Brett finished middle of the pack. This was due to a ‘random’ Tiger snake at a left turn that is now named ‘Big Kev’s Corner’ and normal has a picture of yours truely, Dave taunting me. I told you Dave is evil. To this day I swear he placed that Tiger snake there on purpose. I just can’t work out where he carried it for the first 17k of the race ? I digress, as always, so I will continue. There was no medal at the end just a stagger back to the car and a slow drive back to Perth. The race went so badly I actually tried to cancel my flight to South Africa the following year to run my third Comrades, ( http://www.comrades.com ) I was that beaten. Luckily South African airways wouldn’t refund me the coast of the flight so I ended up going to Comrades and having a great run for a Silver medal. (finishing quicker than 7hrs 30 minutes gets you a Silver, I sneaked in for a 7hr 22minute finishing time.)
I have returned to the 6 inch every year since 2009 and even went on a few recon visits in between races in the early years. I still get lost and wear two gamins, one for pace and the other for directions, but even these don’t help and I still make the odd detour now and then. Will I get lost on Sunday ? I’m not confident either way really, that’s what makes trail running so challenging, you never know if you’ll even find the finish not matter get a good placing !
To further compound my theory about Dave Kennedy not being a nice man a few years ago, under the pretence of some work being done on the original part of the course, Dave found a hill that in my view could double as a wall! This bad boy is unclimbable on the way up and suicidal on the way down. Oh did I forget to mention Dave makes us run up and down this hill (wall), not content with one way, he likes to double the chances of a fatal injury. As I already mentioned in a previous post it was on this hill (wall) that Jon fell in one of the ruts and it was so deep it took him a few attempts to get out, while another friend of mine Michael Barton jumped over poor Jon stuck in the rut and continued on his merry way, probably laughing all the way to the top of the hill (wall).
The final peace de resistance in Dave’s catalog of pain is the final two kilometres of the race, a single track in dense forest that I swear never ends. It’s like a stuck record playing the same song over and over, you know you’re moving forward but you never seem to get to the end of the trail and the waiting finish line. You can even hear the cars so you know the road is close but still you seem to keep running, and running. I tell you that Dave Kennedy is an evil man.
Another 6 inch finish and more Big Kev and Esky time, it’s tradition. Sorry kids….
With the 6 inch ultra marathon this weekend I should be tapering for the last week before some serious carbo loading from Thursday onwards. ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com ) The only fly in my ointment is I seem to have double booked myself with my first 100k ultra next month. ( http://australiadayultra.com ) So the quandary I am in is do I that the 6 inch ultra as a long training run and as such do not taper or do I race both events which would mean I should stop running some time this week ? (Probably shouldn’t have run 141k and 14 times last week including a race albeit a small one.)
My times at the 6 inch ultra have never really been that quick bar a 2nd place finish one year when the first 5 all got disqualified for taking a wrong turn and coming down the finishing road instead of crossing it. Truth be told the first three runners (which included a two times winner!) could have back tracked to the point they got lost and still come across the line ahead of the rest of the field, they were probably 20-30 minutes ahead of the next group which included me. Funnily enough this was the one and only year Dave Kennedy, the Race Director, put up money. I managed to grab 2nd and my friend, and navigator Brett , got third. We both offered our prices to the guys who should had won the money but they both declined saying ‘rules are rules’. I think the chaos of the decision to DQ the top 5 put paid to any monetary prize money from then on, and the race is better for it. (though it was a nice surprise at the time to go from 7th to 2nd.) So the logic behind my plan not to taper for the 6 inch would be the 100k Australia Day Ultra takes precedence and thus I need to put in a big 3 weeks including this one to properly prepare for it.
I would of course still set a race goal finish time and this would be another sub 4 hour finish to go with the five I already have. Both times I have failed to run sub 4 hours have been down to geographical challenges. i.e. I got lost. The first time was due to a rather large snake placed just at a very important and unmarked left turn. (I suspect the Race Director, who was also running, placed said snake myself but this has never been substantiated.) Myself and Brett were too busy jumping over the snake, a Tiger snake we think, to notice the left turn and this cost us a four kilometre detour. This was the first time I ran the 6 inch so could probably be excused this small detour. The next time I got last was the 7th time I’d ran the race and this was near the end when I was closing in on a good sub 4 finish and a top 10 placing. To make it worse I convinced another runner he was going the wrong way and to follow me, as it turns out on a 3-4k detour. Sorry Phil.
Running for a sub 4 also allows me to spend a large amount of the race with my Sunday morning crew who will also be targeting times around the four hour mark. Although this is a race, and if you drop off the pace you will be left for dead, it is one of the most sociable occasions which much banter and there’s always a talking point or three somewhere along the course.
The 6 inch has grown from a fat-ass (a free entry, self supported race) twelve years ago to a 350 sell out it is today. Dave has also added a half marathon (the 3 inch, it had to be really.) which also sells out quickly and I’m assuming the same amount of numbers. As it is so close to Christmas it has turned into the ‘last race of the year‘ type run with a great social gathering at the end where everybody can reflect on the race and start to unwind towards Christmas. I think, truth be told, I enjoy the end of this race , and the banter about the day, more than the race itself; actually no, it’s a close call though which is a nice position to be in.
Another great part of the 6 inch is the tradition of a railway nail (spike) rather than a medal as a finishers reward. For the first few years we all got black ‘spikes’ before the race got too popular and Dace couldn’t find enough old railway spikes without first derailing some trains ! Now you get a red spike for 6 finishes and we’re not sure what you get for twelve but will find out this year as Nate will have ran all twelve of the 6 inch races.
I seemed to have digressed for a change and will try and get back the point of the post. I think for this rendition of the 6 inch I need to finish sub 4 but also it’s as important to get another big week in for the Australia Day Ultra. Thus rather than a pre-race week of only 2 * 10k easy runs (which I my normal pre-marathon race routine) I’m going to try and find 100k from somewhere pre-race Sunday; without starting the race too fatigued. This in itself will be a challenge but as I always say if it was easy everybody would be doing it.
This morning I ran the City Beach 4k where for the third year in a trot I managed a 2nd place. I did manage to drop my time but as always there was a faster runner.( and a lot younger !) Always the bridesmaid, never the bride. (Not that I would be a particularly attractive bride with my ‘speed beard’ in full ‘Grizzly Adam’s mode’, pre 6 inch ultra marathon)
The 4k is an unusual distance which requires a sprint from the start to separate yourself from the 8k race that starts at the same time. There’s also a bit of a poker mentality involved because you are never sure who is running the 4k or the 8k until you hit the finish. (It’s here you can go from being 4th or 5th to top 2 when 3 runners keep running instead of turning left into the finish chute.) My tactics is always to assume everybody is in the 4k and race them all, if there are runners ahead and they don’t turn left at the 4k mark then all good as you’ll rise a place in the rankings. This has happened on a few occasions in this race.
Today I went off with the lead runners and held third place at 1k with the front runner already a good distance ahead. It was time to work for a podium place and I managed to sneak into 2nd place just before the 2k mark where there is a right turn back to the start. It was here you’re given the chance to sneak a look to the right to see who’s behind you. (Big Kev Racing Tip : First rule of racing, never, I repeat never look behind you in a race. All it does is encourage the person chasing you. ) I was not happy to see 6-8 runners probably 10-15m behind me so I knew this race was still in the mix and I was in the pain box big time.
Now 2k to go, after a 2k start does not seem like there should be any issues but trust me you are in a world of pain if you are racing to your limit. 2k seems like a massive distance when your legs are screaming and your heart feels like it’s about to explode, welcome to racing ! Anyhow this time , like in the two previous years, I managed to hold it together and the last 2k were both 3:23min/k splits which for me is the best I could hope for. I finished in 13:12 which is a 14 second course PB and as such a new 4k PB. Can I find 13 seconds for next year so I can go sub 13minutes, I think I need to. This now has become a priority race for next year and sub 13 minutes is the goal. To achieve this I will concentrate on speed and the perfect run for this will be the Mona Fartlek. (I’ve already written a post on this bad boy of a run, otherwise google it.) Being I’m 50 next year it will be a lot easier as I will have more ‘wisdom’ apparently?
For now though I need to get back into ultra mode, not sure how good a 4k training run is for a 46k trail run I have to complete in 7 days. No one said the BK method of training was the standard, I like to mix it up a bit. That being said the race favourite for the 6 inch won the 8k so maybe my preparation isn’t too far of the mark. As with all things running, be it a 4k sprint or a 100k ultra, I just enjoy being out there with a bib on my chest testing my ability against , really, myself and my own goals and ambition. That’s what makes running so personal, in the end when you strip away all the other complications in life running is about pitting yourself against what you believe you can achieve and you are a better person for it.
So not a bad day really, I’ve ran a PB, grabbed a podium and written a post and it’s only just past 9am, I have the whole day for the family before I sneak away for a second run later in the afternoon, well c’mon I need to find those 13 seconds from somewhere and I might as well start today…….
Today was a classic example of fitting running in when you have family chores. My youngest , Charlotte, had basketball at 11am and then Acro (Dancing) at 1:30. I had been assigned chauffeur duties so seized the opportunity for some heat training as the temperature was due to hit 37c around midday. So off we went to basketball, Charlotte resplendent in her basketball uniform and me in my running singlet and shorts. Charlotte could tell something was up (maybe the running clothing gave it away, she’s not silly my youngest!) and guessed it would be a drop off and pick up. My youngest wasn’t overly concerned as she loves basketball with her friends and it matters little whether Dad is court side as she is in the zone. (By in the zone I mean charging around like a swarm of bees around the ball with little or no idea of team tactics, the way the game should be played by nine year old girls.)
Anyway the first part of the plan was successful as I managed to get in a relaxing 8k while paying attention to the fact I’m racing tomorrow (albeit a 4k or 8k?) . This was also a good chance to get in some more heat training ahead of the ADU in late January. Because the temperature was so high I ran on heart rate and tried to keep the BPM under 130. This was do able bar the hills when you really find out how hard it is to run in the heat and keep the heart rate down. There was only one hill on this 8k loop but when I ran up it my heart rate spiked and I could feel my legs complaining with the extra effort required. I remember thinking to myself how quickly the whole feeling of the run could change when the temperature is so high. One minute you’re cruising along enjoying the warmth but as soon as some effort is required the body knows it is in a battle. Noted for the 6 inch in a weeks time.! ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com )
After a quick pitstop at home for some marmalade on toast and yoghurt it was back in the car for the trip to DanceETC and Charlotte’s dancing. This was to last an hour so I was confident of getting in a 10k, again in the heat of the day. I have a 1k loop in an industrial estate mapped out when Charlotte has dancing so round I went 10 times again using my heart rate as the pace limiter. Mission accomplished nicely on the second run and it was straight back home for a cup of tea and blogging.
These extra training runs are important if you want to improve as a runner. Rather than sit with the rest of the parents waiting for their offspring, faces buried in their iPhones, get out there and sneak in a 8-10k run. Just round the block 10 times will make a difference in the long run. All these runs snatched from various family commitments add up and truth be told running is what we do so if we can kill two birds with one stone then so be it. Everybody needs their own ‘Balcatta Industrial Estate 1k loop‘…
I am often asked how I manage to find the time to run twice a day and on the weekend these are the sort of logistical exercises that need to be created and followed to keep the kids and No1. Wife happy, well happy would probably be stretching it, not too unhappy is a better description. Weekdays it’s all about getting up before anybody else and getting back from a morning run before they awake. I understand I may sneak off to bed just after putting my youngest down and this may affect time with No1 Wife but as I said before spending too much time with my Wife always puts a strain on the marriage….
On the subject of fitting running in around family I wrote a post in October that is worth revisiting because most of you probably missed it. This is the first time I’ve reposted one of my previous posts because it does compliment my day so far.
While I holiday with Rottnest I have made an effort to read as much as possible, in-between running of course. One of my favourite books is the running bible by Tim Noakes , ‘The Lore of Running’. A 921 page book of biblical proportions containing just about everything you ever need to know about running and more. It must be noted though, as pointed out by my friend Mike, ‘how can anyone write so much about running, it ain’t that complicated’.
There are hundreds of extracts I could post on the blog but this one section caught my eye this morning which I think is worth sharing. It describes the selfish runner syndrome and balancing running with life’s other commitments (There are other commitments ? ….) Noel Carroll, an Irish double Olympian, describes runners as an introvert lot. ‘They like keep their thoughts to themselves. Their behaviour is at best antisocial , at worst utterly selfish…‘
What amused me in the book by Noakes was a section where he offered pointers to avoid the selfish runner syndrome, or at least mask it. One of his offerings was :-
Don’t allow running to affect the way you carry out your household responsibilities. Doing so provides your family with a tangible reminder that they come second.
What a classic quote from a by-gone age (I think?). So runners if you load the dishwasher once in while and maybe even mow the lawn intermittently you may disguise the fact that running is far more important than your family.
It gets better,
Be aware of “danger times” – you will know what these are in your household. At these times, be at your most attentive and, at all costs, do not open your mail to see if your running magazines have arrived, discuss running, or, worst of all, go for a run. Weekends too must be handled carefully to ensure that running conflicts as little as possible with the family’s weekend recreation.
Not sure what to do when I live in ‘danger times’ constantly. ? Luckily we now have the internet so I can pretend to answer emails while secretly reading my online running magazines.
One last gold nugget from Noakes.
Don’t get overtired. As a runner with a family you just have to accept that, for the sake of your family, you simply can’t train hard enough to run your best. That is the price that must, realistically, be paid.
He is a wise man Noakes, I just hope my Wife never meets him or reads this.
All joking aside, which I assume Noakes was doing when he wrote these little gems, family life and running are not ideal bed partners. I often say to my non-running colleagues that I run early morning before the family awakes and lunchtime , when the family are miles away. Truth be told this has the knock on affect of course that after I read my youngest her bed time story I sneak off to bed myself, leaving my Wife to do whatever she does for a few hours. (‘Karen time’ I think she calls it )
When I was training for Comrades in 2008/2009 and 2010 I have three young Daughters. After my long runs, which would sometimes be up to 50k, I would return home and like limpets the girls were on me, excited to see their Dad return. Karen, my Wife, would of course then hand then over as she had looked after the girls till then. It made the afternoons as challenging as the previous 50k of running. Many times I would bundle the girls in to the car and find a park where I would position myself to watch over them from beneath the shade of a tree but that would be my contribution. The legs would be stiff and tired from the mornings exercise where as the girls were full of life. Sacrifices had to be make. Looking back I can see why most ultra-runners are older as after the mornings training nothing would have beaten a nap, after a good sized lunch of course.
Funnily enough I only started to run marathons ,and then ultra-marathons, when I had my third daughter, I’m not sure if it was a conscience decision but running further, although harder, was still easier than looking after three young daughters, I’m sure Noakes would understand, not so sure about Karen.
As I get older I have managed to keep my love of running and even managed to up the training but this has the negative affect on any other sporting activity with my girls. Basketball, Tennis and Netball are all far too dangerous to an ageing runner who is one bad injury from retirement. As soon as any ball based game is offered I retort with how dangerous it would be for ‘my hammy’ and runners are ‘built to go in straight lines not move from side to side !’ The girls are less than impressed, another sacrifice us selfish runners make.
Truth be told my family does realise that running is important to me and they also realise it has stolen time that would have normally be assigned for them. Because of this they are flippant to the point of uninterested in any of my achievements which is a pity because it would be nice if they were to share in my successes (or failures) but it seems I may have not followed Noakes successfully enough.
Running is a selfish sport and families do suffer because of it but I would hope my family realises that although I love my running nothing is more important to me than family. (Just don’t tell them I said that!)
After this mornings glorious 10k (surprise, surprise my 10k ‘old faithful’, #192 thanks Strava!) I knew I would be running in a furnace lunch time as the temperature moved towards 37c . Determined to keep up my two runs a day I ventured out in the heat alone after my running buddies all came back with excuses ranging from the sun affects my skin to blaming school pickups and then my favourite one from Steve, ‘it’s too bloody hot‘. Regardless I set off on a nice easy 10k to Matilda Bay and back from the CBD.
I admit it was a tad warm but by slowing my pace to a 5min/k average I was able to conserve enough energy to keep my core temperature down and actually enjoy the run. I concentrated more on my heart rate than pace and let my heart beats dictate how fast I ran. This was a success as I moved through the kilometres actually enjoying being ‘out there’. The run itself turned into a progressive, albeit a slow one, as I eased into the run and I was in two minds whether to turn a 10k into a 12k as I was enjoying myself so much. Take that Steve, you missed a great run.
With the 6 inch ultra marathon ( http://www.6inchtrailmarathon.com ) in a weeks time there is the chance we could be starting at 4am and the temperature could be in the twenties and rising. I’ve ran the 6 inch seven times and we had a couple of scorchers in that time. Certainly adds to the enjoyment factor (?) when you’re facing a 46k trail ultra with some serious elevation and the temperature starts at twenty and rises quickly. To this end these lunch times runs are a necessity to get your body use to running in the heat. Matt Fitzgerald eludes to this in his article on heat training below so it must be true, in Matt we trust. ( http://mattfitzgerald.org )
It’s summertime and the weather is heating up. Soon you will be forced to take measures to avoid training in excessive heat, such as moving workouts from the middle of the day to the early morning or evening and transferring outdoor workouts indoors.
Not only is training in excessive heat uncomfortable, after all, but it also slows you down and thus doles out a smaller fitness benefit.
Or does it? Actually, new research suggests that training in the heat may be more beneficial for fitness than doing equivalent training in cooler weather. So instead of doing everything you can to avoid exercising in the heat this summer, you may want to use it (carefully) to your advantage.
The idea that suffering through a one-hour run or a two-hour bike ride on a 100-degree day could be more beneficial than doing the same workout in greater comfort and faster in 55 degrees may seem crazy. But there are other methods, including altitude training, that are known to enhance the effectiveness of exercise by making it more difficult. Heat training has the potential to boost fitness in a parallel way; however, like altitude training, heat training is not something you’d want to do all the time.
The proof of heat training’s effectiveness comes mainly from research conducted by Santiago Lorenzo at the University of Oregon. In 2010 Lorenzo recruited 20 highly trained cyclists and had them complete a performance test in temperate conditions on two occasions separated by 10 days. Between the tests, all 20 cyclists completed a prescribed training program, but 12 of them did it in a controlled, hot environment (100 degrees) while the other eight performed their workouts in temperate conditions (55 degrees) matching those of the performance tests.
The 12 cyclists who underwent heat acclimatization improved their performance in the cool performance test by 6 percent. In addition, their VO2max and their power output at lactate threshold increased by 5 percent. There were no improvements among those who trained in a cool environment.
The authors of the study attributed the performance-boosting effects of heat training on endurance performance in cool conditions to improved efficiency in heat dissipation and increased blood volume. They also found evidence that it caused some changes in muscle cell enzymes, which may have contributed to the effect as well. Lorenzo and his colleagues are planning future studies to pinpoint the specific mechanisms underlying the performance benefits and to determine whether heat acclimatization enhances performance in a real-world temperate time trial.
In the meantime, you might wonder what the practical implications of these findings are for you. In this regard, it is important to note that it didn’t take much heat training—just 10 days—to increase performance capacity in cool conditions. Therefore the results of this study do not suggest that endurance athletes should train in the heat all the time. In fact, that would be a bad idea, because no matter how heat-acclimatized you are, you can’t go as fast in a hot environment as you can in a cool environment, and there’s something to be said for going faster.
It is for this very reason that few elite endurance athletes train at high altitude all the time. Instead, they spend most of their time at sea level, where they can go faster, and then go to the mountains for brief “altitude camps” before racing
So, one thing that this study might inspire you to do is to conduct your own “heat camp” before racing in temperate conditions. For example, instead of going out of your way to avoid hot weather, go ahead and expose yourself to it for the last 10 days of training prior to racing in a cooler place or at a cooler time of day (usually early morning).
Another viable option is to periodically expose yourself to hot weather in training over a longer period of time. While Santiago Lorenzo’s study involved 10 consecutive days of training in high temperatures, it is likely that you could get a similar boost from doing one or two hot workouts per week for eight to 12 weeks. This approach might enable you to exploit the benefits of heat training not only when you race but within the training process itself.
If you decide to try either of these experiments, do it cautiously. For starters, don’t exercise in temperatures above 90 degrees unless you are already in good shape. Aerobic fitness enhances heat-training capacity just as heat training enhances aerobic fitness. No matter how fit you are, it’s very important that you give yourself a chance to gently acclimatize to training in hot weather before you attempt any kind of challenging workout in the heat. You can do this both by doing shorter, slower workouts in very high temperatures (90 to 100 degrees) and by doing normal workouts in progressively warmer temperatures (75, then 80, then 85, etc). Avoid training in temperatures much higher than 100 degrees.
Obviously, you’ll want to be sure to have plenty of fluid available throughout your hot workouts. Since heat increases both the sweat rate and thirst, plan to carry or have access to a significantly greater volume of fluid than you would need for a workout of equivalent length in cooler weather.
Be aware, however, that staying hydrated has a very limited capacity to keep the core body temperature from increasing. A much more effective way to stay cool is to slow down. Listen to your body when training in the heat and go as slowly as necessary to remain relatively comfortable. Exertional heat illness is relatively rare because the nervous system ensures that we feel lousy before we’re in real danger; don’t try to override this self-protective mechanism.
Finally, when preparing to train in very hot weather it’s a good idea to plan routes that allow you to get indoors quickly if necessary. For example, you might do an eight-mile run comprising eight one-mile loops around your neighborhood. It’s a little dull, maybe, but it’s better to be bored and safe than entertained and at risk.
Another reason for the lunch time run was to get use to a slower pace so I can prepare myself for the 100k in January when I attempt my first Australia Day Ultra. ( http://australiadayultra.com ) I’m actually starting to enjoy my 4:45min/k to 5min/k slower training runs as this pace would be ideal if I could maintain it for 8 hours or so. Sounds so easy typing that but pulling it off will be a huge challenge. The only saving grace is Ron , the race director, has started the 100k race at midnight this year so we should only be faced with 3-4 hours of sunshine to deal with. Of course this presents its own issues as I’ll be surprised if I get any real sleep before the start, thus sleep depravation will also play a part combined with distance and heat. Got to love this ultra scene. At least the course itself is dead flat albeit with around 20 speed bumps which may be challenging in the dark. Thanks Ron.?
Funnily enough I have a funny story about my 50k race last year at the ADU. I decided that I wouldn’t need a head torch as we were starting at 3am and it would be light by 5am. I would just run with the leaders, who all had head torches of course, and then when first light came I would explode to the finish under glorious sunshine. My plan worked for the first 12k loop but at the start of the second I was in trouble and dropped quicker than an Ikea instructions booklet. The next group was probably 600m behind and I was in no mood to wait for them so I continued on with only three finger torches I had worn as a joke for the start. (Basically one small LED light you attach to your finger for no real purpose and definitely not for shining light to help you run ultra marathons!) Luckily it was awful moon and I stumbled on , alone in the dark, for the next 45minutes cursing my ‘great idea to save weight’, lesson learned. Also these speed bumps were then a serious issue for me as I really couldn’t see them. How I laughed each time I nearly tripped up as yet another speed bump appeared out of the dark.
So the hotter the better at the moment, don’t hide from the heat , get out there and play in it. If Matt says it’s good for you that’s good enough for me.
Gotta love the heat…the end of the 6 inch , me and my best friend Mr. Esky.
With the Australia Day Ultra looming on the horizon I need to start thinking about a racing strategy for the big day. ( http://australiadayultra.com ) I’ll work on the nutrition part of the plan over the next few weeks with help from Jon ‘an Ultra is more about eating that actually running’ Pendse. For now I need to lock in a pacing strategy as Jon always says ‘the person who slows down the most wins’, so this strategy is pivotal to the success of this little adventure. It seems in an ultra everybody slows down but its the front of the pack runners who slow down the least. Common sense really but you’d also need to take into account the initial pace from which you would slow down from. No point going out at a snails pace and then slowing and then coming home feeling you have more left in the tank. Like all things racing its a fine balancing act between finishing strong enough to still finish on empty, totally spent, knowing you gave your all, or finishing feeling as fresh as a daisy and wondering why your time was so disappointing.
Of course the one problem with my pacing strategy, once I get round to actually creating one, is the small fly in the ointment in the shape of a thing called the ‘competition‘. It will be very hard to let other runners go ahead early in the race and depending on their pacing strategy I’ll probably still go with them and try and hang on before the wheels fall off my wagon or theirs. This is race strategy plan B I suppose if plan A (my pacing strategy) fails because of the competition employing plan B. Man this ultra running is complicated. On the bright side I’ll have lots of time to mull over all my plans, assuming I can make up any more of course, as the 100k will take at least 7 hours and 59 minutes (according to plan A). This time may be faster or slower depending on ‘competition’ and plan B. Would my nutrition plan be plan C or do I start a whole new alphabet and run the two in parallel ? I can see why you have to eat so much during ultra marathons, keep yourself sharp while you work through all the possible scenarios, you can’t think straight on an empty stomach right ?
I found a great article from John Davises from Runners Connect on the subject of ultra pacing which I have digested (it was an ultra article, apparently you digest these!), worth a read while I eat my muffin and ice cream, I really am beginning to like being an ultra runner…..
Track fans had their eyes fixed on Sacramento in July for the USATF outdoor track championships, but that wasn’t the only championship event in the running world. That weekend also played host to the Western States Endurance Run, a 100-mile ultramarathon that’s arguably one of the most storied ultra-endurance events in the world.The big story at this year’s Western States was a strong push through the first 60 miles of the race by Max King, a latecomer to ultramarathoning who boasts very impressive track and marathon credentials, including a national-caliber 3km steeplechase PR.Alas, Max King faded in the final third of the race, passed by eventual winner Rob Krar, who finished the hundred-mile trek in just under fifteen hours.For the better-known running distances like the 5k or the marathon, it’s pretty well-accepted that even pacing is the best strategy (here’s some research). But how about the ultramarathon?Does the ideal pacing strategy change when you push out your race distance far beyond the length of a marathon?
Identifying the ideal pacing strategy
A study published in 2004 by Mike Lambert and a team of other researchers at the University of Cape Town in South Africa looked to find some answers to these questions.In the study, Lambert et al. analyzed the 10km splits of 67 high-level ultramarathoners at the 1995 and 1997 IAU World Challenge, a 100 km ultramarathon.By sorting the runners into groups based on their finish time and applying statistical analysis to their intermediate splits, Lambert et al. were able to identify what type of pacing strategy led to a good race outcome.
Fast runners vs slow runners
Unlike many ultramarathons (including Western States), the course at the IAU World Challenge is a flat loop course, which makes comparing split times much easier.Unlike the pacing of elite runners in shorter events, everybody at the IAU World Challenge 100k slowed down over the course of the race—even the podium finishers.But critically, the most successful runners were the ones who slowed down the least.The fastest group of runners only ran their last 10k loop 15 percent slower than their first, and they were able to maintain their initial pace up to about 50 km into the race before slowing at all.The pacing of the slower runners dropped off by 40%, and they started to slow significantly earlier. Even the middle-of-the-pack ultramarathoners slowed by 25-30%.Further, the fastest runners also had less variability in their splits, meaning they didn’t have any big surges or drastic drop-offs in pace.Now, some of this might be incidental: a runner with stomach problems or one who tripped and fell would obviously have more split-to-split variability than one who didn’t.
Low split variation and gradual slowdown
And one of the study’s other findings—that the faster runners started out at a higher speed than the slower runners—is almost surely correlative, not causative.But the combination of low split variation and a more gradual slowdown in the best ultramarathoners makes a strong case for efficient pacing in the ultramarathon.
Why do runners slow down?
This still doesn’t provide a direct answer as to why even very successful ultramarathoners tend to slow down in the latter portions of the race.
Lambert et al. propose a number of different possible reasons.
First among these is fueling: even with very high carbohydrate intake, there comes a point where your body’s ability to absorb carbohydrates limits how fast you can run, because faster paces necessitate higher carbohydrate utilization and you can only absorb carbs so fast.
Interestingly, Lambert et al. point out that this threshold occurs around 40-50km in most people when running at a moderate pace, right around where the best runners in their study started to slow.
Alternatively, muscle fatigue or simply pacing mistakes by the slower runners could account for much of the slowdown.
Whatever the cause, it’s not unique to ultramarathon running.
A 2008 review study by Chris Abbiss and Paul Laursen at Edith Cowan University in Australia cites research on Ironman triathlons and long-distance cycling races that shows a similar progressive slowing of pace in the later stages of the competition.Unlike in a 5k or even a marathon, a progressive (though gradual) slowing of pace after about 50km (31 miles) appears to be part of the ideal pacing strategy—at least according to the research published to date.
Conclusion
Scientific evidence isn’t always in-step with the latest training and racing strategies, but it does help explain the reasons behind the phenomena we observe on race day.
If you are shooting for success in your next ultra race, you should maintain your goal pace as evenly as possible for as long as possible.
Although some slowing is probably inevitable after running for a few hours, you should do your best to keep the slowdown as gradual as possible.
Runners at the start of an Ultra trying to remember all their plans and how many gu’s they need to eat ?
